Researchers found four new species of fungus that can change into a zombie ant in the Amazon. The study, published in the journal PLoS One showed that Ophiocordyceps unliateralis parasitic fungus and can live in four species of ants (Camponotini sp.) in the Zona da Mata, Brazil.
Ants become infected when they come into contact with the fungal spores are released. Within a week, the ant will turn into a zombie. "ant behavior change. They hang on to biting the lower leaves foliage shrubs,"explained Professor David Hughes of the University of Pennsylvania who is also the lead researcher.
Hughes also explained the fungus will grow on the ant's head becomes like an antenna and release spores into the air. Spores that fall to the ground or carried by the rain so it can come into contact with other ants.
Findings fungus that makes ants so zombies are not the first time. In 2009, Hughes found the ant zombie in Indonesia. Zombie ants are dependent on the leaves as high as 25 cm above the ground in an environment with 95 percent humidity - perfect conditions for fungus to grow.
In species that are found in the Amazon, Hughes met the size and shape differences. Two species of fungi have spores that make them have two more chances to stick to the ants. This new fungus, according to Hughes, only have an effect on certain ant species.
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